4-nitrophenylgalactoside (PNPG)

RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer

Also Known As:

PNPG; 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactoside; 4-nitrophenylgalactoside, (alpha-D)-isomer; p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside; p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactoside; para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside

Networked: 10 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Carbohydrates: 22023
- Glycosides: 2119
  - Galactosides: 43
    - Nitrophenylgalactosides
      - 4-nitrophenylgalactoside: 10

Experts

1.	Ashafa, Anofi Omotayo Tom: 1 article (10/2017)
2.	Nafiu, Mikhail Olugbemiro: 1 article (10/2017)
3.	Chipiti, Talent: 1 article (07/2017)
4.	Ibrahim, Mohammed Auwal: 1 article (07/2017)
5.	Islam, Md Shahidul: 1 article (07/2017)
6.	Singh, Moganavelli: 1 article (07/2017)
7.	Guo, Xiao-Lu: 1 article (01/2017)
8.	Jiang, Bang-Ping: 1 article (01/2017)
9.	Liang, Hong: 1 article (01/2017)
10.	Shen, Xing-Can: 1 article (01/2017)

Related Diseases

1.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 01/01/2017 - "In this study, a new class of polymeric photothermal agents based on poly(N-phenylglycine) (PNPG) suitable for use in near-infrared (NIR) phototherapy of malignant melanoma is designed and developed. " 01/01/2017 - "Furthermore, the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that PNPG-PEG-HA selectively kills B16 cells and suppresses malignant melanoma tumor growth upon exposure to NIR light (808 nm), indicating that PNPG-PEG-HA can serve as a very promising nanoplatform for targeted dual-modality PTT/PDT of melanoma."
2.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY) 07/01/2017 - "Abbreviations used: alex: Aqueous leaf extract; arex: Aqueous root extract; CC: Cissus cornifolia; DNS: Dinitrosalicylic acid; DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide; elex: Ethanolic leaf extract; erex: Ethanolic root extract; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; MEM: Minimum essential medium; NIDDM: Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; pNPG: Para-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside; SD: Standard deviation; T2D: Type 2 diabetes." 01/01/2017 - "Abbreviations Used: T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical; PNPG: 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide; LOO: Lipid peroxidation; SEM: Standard error of the mean; CAE: Chlorogenic acid equivalent." 10/01/2017 - "Abbreviations used: DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Km: The Michaelis constant, Vmax: Maximum velocity, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, NIDDM: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, UFS: University of the Free State, GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric, MS: Mass spectrometry, NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology, DNS: 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, NO: Nitric oxide, RNS: Reactive nitrogen species, PNPG: p-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside."
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2017 - "The resultant HA-modified PNPG (PNPG-PEG-HA) shows negligible cytotoxicity and effectively targets CD44-overexpressing cancer cells. " 09/01/2016 - "Cytotoxic activity was assessed by means of human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HeLa), alpha-glucosidase inhibition was determined by colorimetric assay using p-Nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as a substrate. " 01/01/2017 - "Furthermore, the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that PNPG-PEG-HA selectively kills B16 cells and suppresses malignant melanoma tumor growth upon exposure to NIR light (808 nm), indicating that PNPG-PEG-HA can serve as a very promising nanoplatform for targeted dual-modality PTT/PDT of melanoma."
4.	Hemolysis 05/01/1973 - "At 0.1 to 0.3 mM, PNPG proved to be a superior anti-swarm agent in that it showed no growth inhibition and allowed normal hemolysis, but abolished swarming for extended periods of time. " 01/01/2003 - "The genus Gallibacterium can be separated from other genera of Pasteurellaceae by differences in catalass, symbiotic growth, haemolysis, urease, indole, acid production from (+)D-xylose, (-)D-mannitol, (-)D-sorbitol, (+)D-mannose, maltose, raffinose and dextrin and ONPG and PNPG tests. "
5.	Necrosis 01/01/1994 - "The determination of arginase by a simple procedure such as the PNPG method, in conjunction with AST or ALT assay, may be of value in assessing the stage of liver necrosis."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	N-phenylglycine
2.	Acids
3.	4-nitrophenyl
4.	1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
5.	Reactive Nitrogen Species
6.	Glucuronides
7.	Reactive Oxygen Species (Oxygen Radicals)
8.	Xylose (D-Xylose)
9.	Urease
10.	Sorbitol (Yal)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy)