acetovanillone (apocynin)

01/01/2019 - "Apocynin showed significant anti-inflammatory efficacy against chemically induced colonic inflammation. "
01/01/2015 - "The results indicated that apocynin preconditioning improved the recovery of renal function and nitroso-redox balance, reduced oxidative stress injury and inflammation damage, and upregulated expression of SHP-1 as compared to RI/RI group. "
01/01/2020 - "In the current study, the effects of apocynin on GDM symptoms, productive outcomes, oxidative stress, and inflammation were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. "
07/15/2004 - "Results from this study indicate that apocynin inhibits Cox-2 synthesis and activity induced in monocytes by an increased oxidative tone and provide an explanation for the protective effect exerted by this compound in numerous cell and animal models of inflammation. "
01/07/2023 - "Apocynin treatment prevented testicular oxidative stress and inflammation. "

01/01/2017 - "The nano-formulated mitochondria-targeted apocynin provided excellent protection against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, mouse primary cortical neurons, and a human mesencephalic cell line. "
11/10/2017 - "Mito-Apocynin Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Microglial Activation, Oxidative Damage, and Progressive Neurodegeneration in MitoPark Transgenic Mice."
01/01/2011 - "These results demonstrate that apocynin can protect osteoblasts from mitochondrial dysfunction-induced toxicity and may have positive effects on skeletal structure."
01/01/2019 - "In this study, we investigated the effects of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in the VCN of D-gal-induced aging model in rats. "
10/03/2023 - "We further identify the mitochondrially-targeted compound mito-apocynin as an inhibitor of glucocorticoid-induced permeability transition pore opening, and show that this compound protects against mitochondrial dysfunction, Tau pathology, synaptic loss, and behavioural deficits induced by glucocorticoids in vivo. "

09/01/2023 - "Both 1‑tert‑butyl‑3‑(4‑chlorophenyl)‑1H‑pyrazolo[3,4‑d]pyrimidin‑4‑amine (PP2) and apocynin significantly attenuated the development of UUO‑induced renal fibrosis. "
01/01/2022 - "Moreover, treatment of pcy mice with apocynin, an inhibitor of the NOX2 pathway, ameliorated the renal fibrosis. "
07/01/2018 - "The anti-fibrotic effect of apocynin suggested that NOX2 inhibition may be a potential preventive strategy for attenuating the progression of LPS-induced cardiac fibrosis. "
07/01/2018 - "The results revealed remarkable effects of apocynin and TIIA on attenuating the development of myocardial fibrosis and fibrosis-related genes and mediators. "
08/01/2017 - "Histological analysis of liver sections revealed that apocynin prevented inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in CCl4 administered rats. "

12/01/2011 - "The present study was designed to determine a dose-response relationship between apocynin and infarct volume as well as to provide a possible molecular mechanism mediating this effect. "
12/01/2011 - "Pretreatment with apocynin 30 min prior to occlusion resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in infarct volume by ∼50 %. "
10/01/2011 - "Apocynin and NOX2 deletion both significantly reduced infarct size, blood-brain barrier disruption, and hemorrhagic transformation of the infarcts, compared to untreated wild-type controls. "
02/04/2011 - "Administration of apocynin showed marked reduction in infarct size compared with that of control rats. "
02/01/2009 - "Treatment with apocynin 0.5 h before ischaemia reduced total infarct volume, neurological impairment and mortality in wild-type but not Nox2(-/-) mice. "

07/01/2017 - "The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protective effects of apocynin on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) in rats. "
05/01/2013 - "The protective effects of apocynin on kidney damage caused by renal ischemia/reperfusion."
03/27/2023 - "Hearts were infused with apocynin before ischemia, during ischemia or at reperfusion. "
01/01/2019 - "We also found that in utero exposure to alcohol worsened brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion in adult rats and that treatment of dams with apocynin prevented this increase in brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion. "
01/01/2015 - "Rats were pretreated with 50 mg/kg apocynin, then subjected to 45 min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion. "