3- chloro- 4- (dichloromethyl)- 5- hydroxy- 2(5H)- furanone (mutagen X)

06/18/1997 - "Water chlorination, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), and potential cancer risk."
12/01/2019 - "Mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) is known as a potent factor in inducing DNA damage and increasing cancer risk. "
03/01/2002 - "3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a disinfection by-product in chlorinated drinking water, induces follicular tumors in thyroid glands in Wistar rats. "
03/01/2002 - "Expression of p53 and p21 Ki-ras proteins in rat thyroid gland tumors induced by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX)."
06/18/1997 - "3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a byproduct of the chemical reactions that occur in chlorinated drinking water, has been found to be mutagenic in bacteria and mammalian cells; however, its potential to cause tumors in animals has not been tested previously. "

09/01/2005 - "A transformation assay using BALB/c 3T3 cells was conducted on 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) to assess initiation and promotion activities of MX carcinogenesis. "
05/01/1999 - "Promoting effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine."
08/01/2006 - "This study evaluated possible effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on tumorigenesis induced by the mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) given in drinking water. "
10/01/2000 - "The effects of environmental estrogenic compounds, soy isoflavone mixture (SI), genistein (GEN), and nonylphenol (NP), and the possible goitrogen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), on thyroid carcinogenesis were investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. "

02/28/2004 - "3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the potent bacterial mutagen produced during chlorination of drinking water, was tested for the induction of oxidative stress in two murine cell lines: NIH 3T3 (fibroblasts) and L929 (fibrosarcoma cells). "
03/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of reactive oxygen species in murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation at 900 MHz, with or without co-exposure to 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a potent environmental carcinogen produced during chlorination of drinking water. "

10/10/2004 - "This study determines the effects of a water disinfection by-product, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as mutagen X or MX) and chlorinated tap water on genomic instability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. "

05/01/1999 - "The modifying effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a mutagenic by-product in chlorinated water, on the development of glandular stomach cancers were investigated in Wistar rats. "