brevetoxin

01/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not repeated brevetoxin inhalation, as may occur during a Florida Red Tide, affects pulmonary responses to influenza A. "
01/01/2011 - "Brevetoxin inhalation alters the pulmonary response to influenza A in the male F344 rat."
01/01/2011 - "Influenza virus was cleared from the lungs over the 7-d period; however, there was significantly more virus remaining in the group 4 lungs compared to group 2. Influenza virus significantly increased interleukins-1α and -6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in lung; brevetoxin exposure significantly enhanced the influenza-induced response. "
01/01/2011 - "At 7 d, the severity of perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltrates was greatest in group 4. Bronchiolitis persisted, with low incidence and severity, only in group 4 at d 7. These results suggest that repeated inhalation exposure to brevetoxin may delay virus particle clearance and recovery from influenza A infection in the rat lung."
01/01/2011 - "Male F344 rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham aerosol/no influenza; (2) sham aerosol/influenza; (3) brevetoxin/no influenza; and (4) brevetoxin/influenza. "

11/01/2016 - "Characterization of brevetoxin (PbTx-3) exposure in neurons of the anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtle (Trachemys scripta)."
04/01/1992 - "We report here that anoxia induced a significant (42%) decline in voltage-gated sodium channel density as determined by studies of the binding of a sodium channel ligand, [3H]brevetoxin. "

01/01/2023 - "Ingested brevetoxin causes gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms collectively known as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. "
01/01/2023 - "Clam calamity: five concurrent cases of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning with varying presentations following ingestion of clams from Gulf of Mexico water contaminated with Karenia brevis confirmed by serum brevetoxin assays."
03/01/2018 - "Here we review current methods of detection for neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) toxins, and current knowledge in brevetoxin metabolism in shellfish. "
07/01/2012 - "One naturally contaminated sample of each shellfish matrix, with brevetoxin levels ranging from 0.012 to 9.9 mg/kg, was tested in multiple batches, and the RSDs were similar to those for fortified samples at 0.05 mg/kg. Comparisons with limited data for the neurotoxic shellfish poisoning mouse bioassay for four naturally contaminated shellfish samples showed that the regulatory action limit of 0.8 mg/kg is conservative with respect to the bioassay regulatory limit of 20 mouse units/100 g."
02/01/2012 - "brevis, produces brevetoxin that not only kills fish, marine mammals, and other animals, but also causes Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning and respiratory distress in humans. "

10/01/2007 - "Quantification of brevetoxin in the extracts was determined using four independent methods: receptor binding assay (RBA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), neuroblastoma (N2A) cytotoxicity assay, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). "
09/15/2005 - "Lipophilic toxicity from the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevisulcata: use of the brevetoxin neuroblastoma assay to assess toxin presence and concentration."
04/24/1989 - "The actions of brevetoxin (PbTX-3) were studied on single, voltage-dependent sodium channels and whole-cell currents from the neuroblastoma x glioma cell line NG108-15. "
01/01/2021 - "Improving in vitro ciguatoxin and brevetoxin detection: selecting neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells with lower sensitivity to ouabain and veratridine (OV-LS)."
06/20/2011 - "Although polycavernoside A analogue 5 evoked a sharp reduction of the cellular metabolism of neuroblastoma cells, gambierol scarcely reduced it, and ciguatoxin, brevetoxin, and gymnocin-A failed to produce any signs of cytotoxicity. "

01/01/2022 - "Examples of HAB toxin diseases with major global health impact include: ciguatera poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and neurotoxic (brevetoxin) shellfish poisoning (NSP). "
01/01/2008 - "Considering that brevetoxin and ciguatoxin specifically activate voltage-sensitive Na+ channels through the same binding site, brevenal has therefore a good potential for the treatment of ciguatera. "
04/01/2004 - "With the ingestion of brevetoxin-contaminated shellfish, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) presents as a milder gastroenteritis with neurologic symptoms compared with other marine toxin diseases such as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) or ciguatera fish poisoning. "
11/01/2005 - "The fact that 27 plant extracts were found to exert, in vitro, a protective effect against the action of ciguatoxin and/or brevetoxin, paves the way for finding new active compounds to treat ciguatera fish poisoning, provided these compounds also reverse the effects of sodium channel activators."