9- (S)- (3- hydroxy- 2- (phosphonomethoxy)propyl)adenine

broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent

Also Known As:

(S)-HPMPA; 9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine; 9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine; 9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, (+-)-isomer; 9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, (R)-isomer; 9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, 14C-labeled, (S)-isomer; HPMPA

Networked: 32 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 2 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Beadle, James R: 6 articles (08/2008 - 03/2006)
2.	Hostetler, Karl Y: 6 articles (08/2008 - 03/2006)
3.	De Clercq, Erik: 4 articles (07/2011 - 01/2005)
4.	Kern, Earl R: 3 articles (08/2008 - 03/2006)
5.	Collins, Deborah J: 2 articles (08/2008 - 11/2007)
6.	Quenelle, Debra C: 2 articles (08/2008 - 11/2007)
7.	Aldern, Kathy A: 2 articles (02/2008 - 08/2006)
8.	Keith, Kathy A: 2 articles (11/2007 - 03/2006)
9.	Ciesla, Stephanie L: 2 articles (08/2006 - 03/2006)
10.	Wan, William B: 2 articles (08/2006 - 03/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Keratitis 02/01/1987 - "Efficacy of (S)-HPMPA against thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus-keratitis." 02/01/1987 - "In the treatment of keratitis caused by the TK- HSV-1 strain, 0.2%BVDU and 0.2% CEDU eyedrops did not differ from placebo eyedrops, whereas 0.2% (S)-HPMPA eyedrops exerted a highly significant healing effect." 07/01/1991 - "HPMPA, HPMPC, PMEA and BVDU eyedrops showed a rapid and highly significant healing effect (P less than 0.005) on keratitis caused by TK+ HSV-1 (McIntyre strain) when compared with placebo eyedrops, whereas BVDU treatment did not affect the course of TK- HSV-1 (VMW-1837) keratitis. " 02/01/1987 - "In the treatment of TK+ HSV-1 keratitis, 0.2% (S)-HPMPA eyedrops were as effective as the reference compounds, 0.2% (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and 0.2% 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxy-uridine (CEDU) eyedrops. " 02/01/1987 - "A new acyclic adenosine analogue, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(S)-HPMPA], was evaluated for its efficacy in the topical treatment of experimental keratitis caused by the thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) and thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains. "
2.	Infections 05/01/1998 - "(S)-HPMPA is therefore an interesting candidate drug for the treatment of these infections. " 01/01/1993 - "The HPMPA-resistant mutant (BHV-1 3 A), however, showed a reduced pattern of infection and virus of lower titre was isolated from three of four calves; the antibody responses were generally lower, and one calf remained seronegative until reactivation. " 02/01/1989 - "All three compounds completely suppressed the development of skin lesions and the mortality associated therewith in hairless or athymic nude mice inoculated intracutaneously with HSV-1 or TK- HSV-1, if they were administered topically at a concentration as low as 0.1%; when (S)-HPMPA was applied topically at a concentration of greater than or equal to 0.3%, it completely abrogated mortality resulting from intracutaneous HSV-2 infection. " 12/01/1987 - "(S)-HPMPA was selected for further evaluation in animal model infections. " 08/01/2008 - "In the experimental HCMV infection, oral administration of vehicle or 10mg/kg of (S)-HPMPA, HDP-(S)-HPMPA or ODE-(S)-HPMPA was initiated 24h after infection and continued for 28 consecutive days. "
3.	Vaccinia 02/01/2008 - "Based on structural similarities and the greater antiviral efficacy of (S)-HPMPA, we predicted that (S)-HPMPApp would have a similar, but more pronounced effect on vaccinia polymerase than CDVpp. " 08/25/2011 - "In vitro IC(50) values for the prodrugs (<0.1-50 μM) vs vaccinia, cowpox, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex type 1 virus were compared to those for the parent drugs ((S)-HPMPC, 2; (S)-HPMPA, 1; IC(50) 0.3-35 μM); there was no cytoxicity with KB or HFF cells at ≤100 μM. " 01/01/1991 - "The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues (HPMPA, HPMPC, PMEA, FPMPA) show great promise for the treatment of infections with such important human pathogens as adeno, pox (vaccinia) and hepadna (hepatitis B) viruses (HPMPA), herpes (herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalo, Epstein-Barr) viruses (HPMPC), and retro (human immunodeficiency) viruses (PMEA, FPMPA). "
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 05/01/1998 - "Rats were intravenously injected with [3H](S)-HPMPA, and after an initial rapid distribution phase (360 +/- 53 ml/kg of body weight), the radioactivity was cleared from the circulation with a half-life of 11.7 +/- 1.4 min. The tissue distribution of [3H](S)-HPMPA was determined at 90 min after injection (when >99% of the dose cleared). " 11/01/2007 - "In the current study, HDP-(S)-HPMPA and ODE-(S)-HPMPA were prepared in water and administered once daily by oral gavage to mice at doses of 30, 10, and 3 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days beginning 24, 48, or 72 h after inoculation with CV or VV. Oral HDP-(S)-HPMPA and ODE-(S)-HPMPA were both highly effective (P < 0.001) at preventing mortality due to CV at 30 mg/kg, even when treatments were delayed until up to 72 h postinfection. " 07/01/1996 - "Plasmodium berghei-infected mice died with low levels of parasitemia after repeated intraperitoneal administration (five times at 15 mg kg of body weight-1 every other day) of the in vitro active antimalarial acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(S)-HPMPA]. "
5.	Poxviridae Infections 11/01/2007 - "These data indicate that HDP-(S)-HPMPA and ODE-(S)-HPMPA are active when given orally against lethal CV and VV infections in mice, and further evaluation is warranted to provide additional information on the potential of these orally active compounds for treatment of human orthopoxvirus infection." 01/01/1990 - "Phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and -pyrimidines offer great promise for both topical and systemic treatment of various DNA virus and retrovirus infections: HPMPA for the treatment of adeno-, herpes- and poxvirus infections, HPMPC for the treatment of herpesvirus (in particular CMV) infections, and PMEA and PMEDAP for the treatment of retrovirus (i.e. " 01/01/2008 - "New compounds showing promise are orally active inhibitors of orthopoxvirus infections that include ether lipid prodrugs of cidofovir and (S)-HPMPA, ST-246, N-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) and SRI 21950 (a 4'-thio derivative of iododeoxyuridine). " 07/01/2007 - "From HPMPA originated three compounds, which have been approved by regulatory agencies worldwide for clinical use: (i) HPMPC [cidofovir (Vistide)] for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients, and "off label" for the treatment of polyoma-, papilloma-, adeno-, herpes- and poxvirus infections; (ii) PMEA [adefovir (in its oral prodrug form, adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera)] for the treatment of chronic HBV (hepatitis B virus) infections, and (iii) PMPA [tenofovir (in its oral prodrug form, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread)] for the treatment of HIV infections (AIDS). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)
2.	Cidofovir (Vistide)
3.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)
4.	penciclovir (Denavir)
5.	Nucleosides
6.	Organophosphonates (Phosphonates)
7.	Thymidine Kinase
8.	9- (2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl)- 2,6- diaminopurine
9.	Pyrimidines
10.	Adenine

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Oral Administration