4-hydroxyestrone

01/21/2010 - "4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE(1)), a typical cancer-inducing metabolite, originating from 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2), was chosen as a model for the studies. "
04/01/2002 - "Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, immunoblot analyses, and assays of glucuronidation of 4-hydroxyestrone, we show that UGT2B7 is expressed in human mammary epithelium, and that its expression is dramatically reduced in invasive breast cancers. "
09/30/2002 - "Some results in this respect are available for stimulating tumor growth for the D-ring metabolite 16-hydroxyestrone and the A-ring metabolites 4-hydroxyestrone and 4-hydroxyestradiol. "
04/01/2002 - "The finding of reduced UGT2B7 protein and glucuronidation of 4-hydroxyestrone in invasive cancers suggests a tumor-suppressor function for the enzyme. "
04/01/2002 - "Expression of UGT2B7, a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase implicated in the metabolism of 4-hydroxyestrone and all-trans retinoic acid, in normal human breast parenchyma and in invasive and in situ breast cancers."

05/01/2000 - "Finally, the endogenous catechol estrogen metabolite 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE) was considerably less effective at inducing DNA damage and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines than 4-OHEN. "
01/01/1999 - "Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested that 2-hydroxyestrone is protective against breast cancer, whereas the other principal metabolite, 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone, and the lesser metabolite quantitatively, 4-hydroxyestrone, are potent carcinogens. "

02/08/2011 - "Uncontrolled factors known to be involved in breast carcinogenesis, such as 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1) concentration, may have confounded results for EMR. "
11/01/2000 - "The effect of the catechol estrogen, 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE(1)), putatively associated with tumorigenesis, has not been studied in the skeleton. "
11/01/1994 - "Conversion of estrone to 2- and 4-hydroxyestrone by hamster kidney and liver microsomes: implications for the mechanism of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis."
10/01/2004 - "The effects of steroidal estrogens in ACI rat mammary carcinogenesis: 17beta-estradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol, 16alpha-hydroxyestradiol, and 4-hydroxyestrone."
04/15/2007 - "To examine a possible mechanism of endogenous estrogen-induced carcinogenesis, we studied the effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor Ro 41-0960 on cell transforming and clastogenic activities of 2 catechol estrogens 2- and 4-hydroxyestrone (2- or 4-OHE1) using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. "

04/01/2002 - "In many in situ carcinomas, however, 4-hydroxyestrone immunostaining was not only preserved but even more intense than in normal mammary epithelium. "