4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate)

used as a hardening agent incorporated in polyurethanes

Also Known As:

methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; 1,1'-methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene); 1,1-methylenebis(phenyl)diisocyanate; 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane; 4,4'-methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate; 4,4'-methylenebis(phenylisocyanate); 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; diphenylmethane diisocyanate; diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate; methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate); p,p'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate

Networked: 83 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Isocyanates: 512
  - 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate: 83

Experts

1.	Wisnewski, Adam V: 10 articles (01/2022 - 05/2010)
2.	Liu, Jian: 9 articles (01/2022 - 05/2010)
3.	Redlich, Carrie A: 5 articles (01/2022 - 05/2010)
4.	Pauluhn, Jürgen: 5 articles (03/2011 - 12/2005)
5.	Henriks-Eckerman, Maj-Len: 3 articles (08/2014 - 12/2011)
6.	Suuronen, Katri: 3 articles (08/2014 - 12/2011)
7.	Park, Hae-Sim: 3 articles (01/2011 - 09/2008)
8.	Nassar, Ala F: 2 articles (03/2019 - 01/2019)
9.	Bruze, Magnus: 2 articles (10/2017 - 02/2013)
10.	Engfeldt, Malin: 2 articles (10/2017 - 02/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Occupational Asthma 09/01/2008 - "Although methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is widely used in industries, there have been few studies of the pathogenic mechanisms of MDI-induced occupational asthma (MDI-OA). " 04/01/2008 - "Although methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is widely used in many industries, there have been few immunological studies of MDI-induced occupational asthma. " 05/01/1998 - "A study of occupational asthma among workers exposed to 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI). " 03/01/2019 - "Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), the most abundantly produced diisocyanate worldwide, is among the best recognized chemical causes of occupational asthma. " 11/01/2016 - "Exposure to diisocyanates (dNCOs), such as methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) can cause occupational asthma (OA). "
2.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 05/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to identify work-related asthma (WRA) workers' compensation claims associated with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) exposure in the spray-on truck bed lining industry and estimate the asthma incidence rate in this industry. " 01/01/2022 - "Severe asthma and death in a worker using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate MDI asthma death." 01/01/2020 - "We used a mouse model of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) asthma to identify biological pathways that may contribute to asthma pathogenesis. " 04/01/2017 - "Lung sensitization and asthma are the main health effects of 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). " 12/01/2016 - "Lung sensitization and asthma are the main health effects of 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). "
3.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 12/07/2006 - "Partial C-fiber ablation modulates diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI)-induced respiratory allergy in Brown Norway rats." 12/01/1994 - "[Allergy to diphenylmethane diisocyanate: apropos of a case]." 02/01/2013 - "Within the project, there was an interest in determining how often contact allergy to the most common isocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), occurred. " 02/01/2008 - "Occupational airborne contact urticaria and asthma: simultaneous immediate and delayed allergy to diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate." 02/01/2013 - "To determine and compare the occurrence of contact allergy to 4,4'-MDI, its corresponding amine 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) in a Swedish and a Belgian study population. "
4.	Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis) 04/01/1989 - "Diphenylmethane diisocyanate hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a serologic evaluation." 04/01/1984 - "A rare combination of an acute asthmatic reaction followed by hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is described. " 01/01/1982 - "Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate." 06/01/2004 - "[A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis showing acute respiratory distress syndrome due to exposure to dust containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate]." 05/01/1985 - "We conclude that MDI is a cause of asthma and/or hypersensitivity pneumonitis in workers exposed to diphenylmethane diisocyanate."
5.	Fever (Fevers) 06/01/2004 - "The patient was a 61-year-old man who reported coughing and fever that occurred immediately after the work of breaking up a large refrigerator containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). " 01/01/1995 - "A 45-year-old mechanic employed in blowing hot air (350 degrees-600 degrees C) onto the surface of a polyurethane methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) conveyer belt developed dyspnoea, rhinoconjunctivitis and fever. " 06/01/1994 - "Acute respiratory disorder, rhinoconjunctivitis and fever associated with the pyrolysis of polyurethane derived from diphenylmethane diisocyanate." 03/01/1985 - "We evaluated a patient for dyspnea, fever, malaise, and hypoxemia that developed after exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Amines
2.	4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
3.	Isocyanates
4.	Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate (Toluene Diisocyanate)
5.	Polyurethanes (Polyurethane)
6.	1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (hexamethylene diisocyanate)
7.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
8.	Antibodies
9.	Methacholine Chloride (Methacholine)
10.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hemoperfusion
2.	Surgical Casts (Plaster Cast)