3-hydroxykynurenine

RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation

Also Known As:

3-(3-hydroxyanthraniloyl)alanine; 3-hydroxykynurenine, (D)-isomer; 3-hydroxykynurenine, (DL)-isomer; 3-hydroxykynurenine, (L)-isomer; benzenebutanoic acid, alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-

Networked: 101 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: 1
- Amino Acids: 30675
  - Kynurenine: 2213
    - 3-hydroxykynurenine: 101

Experts

1.	Schwarcz, Robert: 5 articles (11/2017 - 01/2003)
2.	Pawlak, Dariusz: 5 articles (09/2009 - 08/2002)
3.	Guillemin, Gilles J: 3 articles (01/2022 - 06/2013)
4.	Saito, Kuniaki: 3 articles (01/2021 - 12/2010)
5.	Kema, Ido P: 3 articles (06/2017 - 02/2015)
6.	Pawlak, D: 3 articles (01/2010 - 12/2001)
7.	Wajner, Moacir: 3 articles (02/2007 - 12/2006)
8.	Buczko, Wlodzimierz: 3 articles (01/2003 - 08/2002)
9.	Midttun, Øivind: 2 articles (11/2021 - 01/2018)
10.	Ueland, Per M: 2 articles (11/2021 - 01/2018)

Related Diseases

1.	Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox) 07/01/2011 - "3-Hydroxykynurenine and clinical symptoms in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia." 07/01/2017 - "Correlations of Kynurenic Acid, 3-Hydroxykynurenine, sIL-2R, IFN-α, and IL-4 with Clinical Symptoms During Acute Relapse of Schizophrenia." 11/01/2013 - "Activation of kynurenine pathway in ex vivo fibroblasts from patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: cytokine challenge increases production of 3-hydroxykynurenine." 11/01/2013 - "The goal of this study was to examine the production of kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and the expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes involved in their synthesis and metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or from healthy control individuals. " 07/01/2017 - "Correlations among clinical status (using PANNS, SANS and SAPS scales) and blood levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and levels of selected immunoactive molecules, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interferon-α (IFN-α) and IL-4 were analyzed in 51 chronic schizophrenia patients during acute relapse, after four weeks of therapy and at remission. "
2.	Seizures (Absence Seizure) 11/01/1991 - "Although the study population was small, these findings suggest that the presence of seizures in infantile spasms is associated with a decrease in serotonergic metabolites which, in turn, may indicate a decrease in serotonergic activity, altered clearance of these metabolites, or altered turnover in the direction of 3-hydroxykynurenine. " 01/01/1986 - "3-Hydroxykynurenine as a possible mechanism of epileptic seizures associated with neonatal vitamin B6 deficiency." 07/01/1988 - "The putative endogenous convulsant 3-hydroxykynurenine decreases benzodiazepine receptor binding affinity: implications to seizures associated with neonatal vitamin B-6 deficiency."
3.	Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome) 11/01/1991 - "In contrast, the levels of cerebrospinal fluid 3-hydroxykynurenine were significantly higher in infantile spasm patients than in controls (P less than .05). " 11/01/1991 - "Although the study population was small, these findings suggest that the presence of seizures in infantile spasms is associated with a decrease in serotonergic metabolites which, in turn, may indicate a decrease in serotonergic activity, altered clearance of these metabolites, or altered turnover in the direction of 3-hydroxykynurenine. " 02/01/1994 - "The concentration of CSF kynurenic acid (KYA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OHKY) in infantile spasms was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with CSF KYA from 10 age-matched controls. " 11/01/1991 - "The perturbance caused by increased 3-hydroxykynurenine and decreased kynurenine in the homeostatic balance between these 2 tryptophan metabolites could further contribute to the pathogenesis of infantile spasms."
4.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease) 07/01/2000 - "We have studied neurotoxicity induced by pharmacological concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), an endogenous toxin implicated in certain neurodegenerative diseases, in cerebellar granule cells, PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, and GT1-7 hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. " 12/08/2006 - "3-hydroxykynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, is known to be potential neurotoxic in some neurodegenerative disorders. " 01/01/1998 - "3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) is a potential endogenous neurotoxin whose increased levels have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders. " 03/01/2013 - "Levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine, homogentisate and allantoin were significantly higher compared to control mice in 4 months (prior to onset of AD symptoms) and reverted to control values by 10 months of age (early/middle stage of AD), which highlights the relevance of oxidative stress to this neurodegenerative disorder even prior the onset of dementia. " 12/01/2010 - "In the human brain, KMO may play an important role in the formation of two neurotoxins, 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid, both of which provoke severe neurodegenerative diseases. "
5.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 06/01/2013 - "Increased 3-hydroxykynurenine serum concentrations differentiate Alzheimer's disease patients from controls." 09/14/1992 - "3-Hydroxykynurenine was substantially and significantly increased in all three brain areas studied in Huntington's disease, but not significantly increased in the cortex in Alzheimer's disease, when compared to matched controls. " 01/01/2010 - "Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and 3-hydroxykynurenine modifications are found in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease." 09/14/1992 - "Concentrations of the neurotoxic tryptophan metabolite, 3-hydroxykynurenine, were determined in brain tissue taken post-mortem from patients with Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. " 01/01/2019 - "The neurotoxic activity of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKyn) in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, is related to oxidative stress and 3OHKyn interaction with cellular proteins. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Kynurenic Acid (Kynurenate)
2.	Interleukin-4 (Interleukin 4)
3.	Interleukin-2 Receptors (IL 2 Receptor)
4.	Interferons
5.	Kynurenine
6.	Tryptophan (L-Tryptophan)
7.	anthranilic acid (anthranilate)
8.	Quinolinic Acid
9.	3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
10.	Acids

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Lenses
3.	Bariatric Surgery
4.	Kidney Transplantation
5.	Immunotherapy